Principles of Nutrition

Study Guide- Vitamins and Minerals

Directions for worksheet: find the answer in your text and indicate the page number to the left of the question. Worksheet must be checked the class before the test for credit. You may then keep this as your study guide.

1. The vitamin that functions in calcium absorption is:

a. vitamin C c. vitamin A

b. vitamin K d. vitamin D

2. The water soluble vitamins involved in DNA and RNA synthesis are:

a. vitamin B-6 and vitamin K c. folate and vitamin B-12

b. vitamins E and C d. vitamins A and D

3. A low intake of dark green and deep orange vegetables has been associated with a

higher incidence of some forms of cancer. This is because the diet is low in:

a. folate c. tocopherol

b. retinoids d. carotenoids

4. Newborn infants are given an oral supplement or an injection of which of the

following vitamins as a precautionary measure for blood clotting?

a. vitamin C c. vitamin K

b. pantothenic acid d. folate

5. Which vitamin can be synthesized by the body upon exposure to sunlight?

a. vitamin C c. vitamin K

b. vitamin D d. vitamin A

6. The vitamin that is not involved in the growth and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth?

a. vitamin A c. vitamin B6

b. vitamin C d. vitamin D

7. Nutrients that are most likely to be toxic if consumed in very high amounts over long periods of time are:

1. iron, calcium, and vitamin C
2. calcium, vitamin D and vitamin C
3. vitamin D, vitamin A, and vitamin B-6
4. vitamin A, thiamin and riboflavin

8. The best sources of vitamin A, vitamin D and riboflavin are:

1. meat, poultry, fish, and beans
2. enriched breads and cereals
3. fortified milk and cheese
4. fresh fruits and vegetables

9. Vitamins that are part of coenzymes involved in energy metabolism include:

1. thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B-6
2. vitamin B-12, folate and vitamin B-6
3. thiamin, pantothenic acid, biotin, folate
4. pantothenic acid, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin

10. What is one major difference between vitamins and minerals?

1. vitamins are macronutrients and minerals are micronutrients
2. vitamins are widespread in foods, whereas minerals are not
3. vitamins are organic and minerals are inorganic
4. vitamins are simple elements and minerals are complex molecules

11. Which nutrient is associated with changing non-heme iron to heme-iron the iron for

better absorption?

a. vitamin A c. calcium

b. vitamin C d. phosphorus

12. The vitamins required for synthesis of red blood cells are:

1. thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B-6
2. vitamin B-12, folate and vitamin B-6
3. thiamin, pantothenic acid, biotin, folate
4. pantothenic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin

13. Which of these meals is lacking in vitamin C?

1. hotdog, cabbage slaw, French fries, and milk
2. roast beef, carrots, noodles, and tea
3. chicken, broccoli, rice, and coffee
4. spaghetti with tomato sauce, meatballs, and wine

14. The major function of vitamin E in human nutrition is:

1. as a component of gastric secretions
2. as an antioxidant
3. to increase intestinal absorption of calcium
4. as a factor of blood clotting

15. Which is true regarding vitamins?

1. One specific food will provide all the vitamins needed by humans
2. Eating a variety of foods from all food groups is the best way to get all the vitamins
3. It is difficult to obtain enough vitamins from food therefore most people need a vitamin supplement
4. Eating five servings a day of fruits and vegetables will meet your vitamin needs

16. Deficiency symptoms such as respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disturbances and

blindness are related to Vitamin A’s role in:

1. promoting growth
2. maintaining healthy epithelial tissue
3. acting as an antioxidant
4. oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

17. Formation and maintenance of collagen require:

a. thiamin c. vitamin C

b. folate d. riboflavin

18. Unlike other water-soluble vitamins, this vitamin is stored in the muscles:

a. vitamin C c. pantothenic acid

b. biotin d. vitamin B-6

19. Which of these statements concerning bio-availability of minerals is correct?

1. vitamin D enhances the absorption of calcium
2. oxalate enhances the absorption of calcium
3. zinc enhances the absorption of iron
4. vitamin C enhances the absorption of zinc

20. Which of the following vitamins is a coenzyme involved primarily in protein metabolism?

a. thiamin c. vitamin C

b. niacin d. vitamin B-6

21. Which of the following statements is true of niacin?

1. It can be made in the body from the amino acid tryptophan
2. It is an antioxidant
3. It aids in the absorption of iron
4. It can prevent night blindness

22. Getting sufficient B-12 from the diet may be a problem to vegans because:

1. Phytic acid in vegetable proteins may inhibit its absorption
2. Their diet lacks the protein carrier than insures absorption
3. Deficiency may result from high intakes of legumes
4. The active form of B-12 is only found in animal products

23. Which type of exposure is not a significant factor in the destruction of vitamins?

a. heat c. oxygen

b. cold d. irradiation

24. Adequate intake of folate is important:

1. early in a pregnancy
2. for adequate calcium absorption
3. for the prevention of Pellegra
4. to convert carotenoids into retinol

25. Which form of Vitamin E is most active?

a. D-alpha-tocopherol c. beta tocopherol

b. L-alpha-tocopherol d. gama tocopherol

26. A person with a lactose intolerance may have trouble obtaining enough of this

mineral:

a. Calcium c. Zinc

b. Iron d. Phosphorus

27. The following is not a role of water in the body:

1. carries nutrients throughout the body
2. store water soluble vitamins for later use
3. transports waste products out of the body
4. serves as a shock absorber inside the eyes

28. Osmotic pressure is:

1. the force that moves water and not solutes across a membrane
2. the force of excess water in the digestive tract
3. the pressure of excess urine in the bladder
4. the pressure of excess electrolytes on the cell membrane

29. Which of the following statements is most correct concerning the sodium needs of a

physically active person?

a. they should consider salt tablets to replace sodium lost in sweat

b. they probably eat sufficient sodium in their diet to cover sodium losses

c. they will probably need to increase their salt intake from foods

d. they will probably need to salt their food more in cooking and at the table

30. The absorption of minerals can be influenced by other dietary components. Which

of the following would be a dietary component that would tend to decrease mineral absorption?

1. ascorbic acid c. vitamin D
2. dietary fiber d. protein

31. Which mineral is involved in muscle contractions?

1. chloride c. sulfur

b. potassium d. molybdenum

32. Which of the following groups would have the highest iron requirement?

1. newborn infants c. adolescent females
2. toddlers d. pregnant women

33. Who of the following is less likely to have iron deficiency anemia?

1. vegans with their high dark, green vegetable intake
2. lacto-ovo vegetarians with their high egg consumption
3. non-vegetarians with their high meat intake
4. non-vegetarians who prefer fish to red meat

34. Which of the following diets is most likely to provide sufficient mineral intake?

1. diet that includes primarily fruits and vegetables and milk products
2. diet that emphasizes milk and meat products
3. diet that includes meat, milk, fruit, vegetables and whole grains
4. diet that is mostly grains and meats

35. Which of the following minerals is important in decreasing the rate of dental decay?

1. Iron c. sulfur
2. Selenium d. fluoride

36. Zinc:

1. builds bones and teeth
2. regulates basal metabolism
3. is essential for protein synthesis and growth
4. helps release energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

37. The best source of folate would be found in a serving of:

1. skim milk c. roast beef
2. enriched bread d. orange juice

38. The most nutrient dense and absorbable food source of calcium is:

1. dark green vegetables c. cereal grains
2. fish fillets d. non-fat milk and milk products

39. Which of the following foods is the lowest in sodium?

1. Sphaghetti-O’s c. apple pie
2. dill pickles d. orange juice

40. Most of the sodium in the American diet comes from:

1. natural sodium in fruits and vegetables
2. natural sodium in meats and dairy products
3. addition during food processing
4. addition at the table

41. Which of the following food groups would provide the most potassium?

1. strawberries, orange juice, potatoes
2. cheeseburger on whole wheat bun
3. milk shake, cheese
4. lemon meringue pie and coffee

42. The mineral involved in regulating metabolism is:

1. Calcium c. magnesium
2. Selenium d. iodine

43. Which of the following statements concerning sodium is TRUE?

1. sodium is required for nerve function and water balance
2. a high intake of sodium leads to hypertension in almost all adults
3. we can prevent hypertension by having a salt-free diet
4. meats are high in sodium, even when salt is not added in cooking or processing

44. Who of the following is at greater risk for osteoporosis?

1. black woman, somewhat underweight with good calcium intake
2. white woman, somewhat underweight with low calcium intake
3. black woman, somewhat overweight with low calcium intake
4. white woman, somewhat overweight with good calcium intake

45. Which of the following mineral is part of the cell membrane, in addition to DNA

and RNA?

1. Fluoride c. magnesium
2. Iodine d. phosphorus

46. Which of the following groups of foods would provide the most magnesium?

1. meat, eggs, enriched grain products
2. fruits, whole grains, cheeses
3. nuts, legumes, whole grains
4. meat, milk, fruits

47. Which of the following is not one of the minerals that is classified as an electrolyte?

1. Fluoride c. chloride
2. Potassium d. sodium

48. It has been noted that the incidence of iron deficiency anemia has decreased in recent

years. One factor that may account for this is increased use of:

1. iron cooking ware c. enriched cereals
2. iron tablets d. water supplies high in iron

49. Hemoglobin and myoglobin are composed of which mineral?

1. Magnesium c. iron
2. Selenium d. zinc

50. Which of the following groups seems most vulnerable to mineral deficiencies?

1. Preschoolers c. adult women
2. Adolescents d. elderly

51. Which of the following nutrients has functions similar to those of Vitamin E?

a. Iron c. chromium

b. Selenium d. molybdenum

52. Approximately how much iodized salt must be consumed to meet but not exceed the RDA

for iodine?

a. 1 mg c. ½ teaspoon

b. 1 teaspoon d. 1 tablespoon

53. Which of the following minerals is a cofactor in the formation of hemoglobin?

1. Iodine c. sodium
2. Copper d. calcium

54. What is the calcium Adequate Intake for college-age students?

a. 500 mg c. 800 mg

b. 1000 mg d. 1200mg

55. Which of the following shows the highest bio-availability for calcium per serving?

a. milk c. spinach

b. pork d. pinto beans

56. Which of the following is NOT a process that directly involves calcium?

1. energy metabolism c. nerve transmission
2. blood clotting d. maintenance of heart beat

57. A diet high in fruits, vegetables, and grains, and low in animal protein would likely be high in;

1. Niacin c. Riboflavin
2. Folate d. Thiamin

58. What organ provides the major control for homeostasis of body fluids?

a. liver c. heart

b. kidneys d. skeletal muscle

59. Which of the following is a characteristic of free radicals?

1. they are destroyed by cigarette smoking
2. they arise from normal metabolic reactions
3. they stop chain reactions associated with the production of peroxides
4. they accumulate even in the presence of abundant antioxidants

60. Your aunt recently had a stroke and is taking anticoagulant medicines. What food should she avoid?

a. cold water fish c. processed soups

b. enriched breads d. green leafy vegetables